fix(di): interaction with external wrapping contexts [backport #13586 to 2.21]

[P403n1x87]

Backport c02a068 from #13586 to 2.21.

We fix an incompatibility within the interaction between Dynamic Instrumentation and external wrapping context (e.g. Code Origin). This was due to a loss of link between a function and its original code object due to a wrapping context being wrapped on a function not retrieved via the function discovery machinery. We make sure that any wrapping via wrapping context preserves the link between the function and its original code object. With the universal wrapping context mechanism, we don't have to worry about potential multiple wrapping, as bytecode is modified only once.

Checklist

• PR author has checked that all the criteria below are met
• The PR description includes an overview of the change
• The PR description articulates the motivation for the change
• The change includes tests OR the PR description describes a testing strategy
• The PR description notes risks associated with the change, if any
• Newly-added code is easy to change
• The change follows the library release note guidelines
• The change includes or references documentation updates if necessary
• Backport labels are set (if applicable)

Reviewer Checklist

• Reviewer has checked that all the criteria below are met
• Title is accurate
• All changes are related to the pull request's stated goal
• Avoids breaking API changes
• Testing strategy adequately addresses listed risks
• Newly-added code is easy to change
• Release note makes sense to a user of the library
• If necessary, author has acknowledged and discussed the performance implications of this PR as reported in the benchmarks PR comment
• Backport labels are set in a manner that is consistent with the release branch maintenance policy

[github-actions]

CODEOWNERS have been resolved as:

releasenotes/notes/fix-di-with-external-wrapping-context-e26b46a6fc7f6a47.yaml  @DataDog/apm-python
ddtrace/debugging/_function/discovery.py                                @DataDog/debugger-python
ddtrace/internal/utils/inspection.py                                    @DataDog/apm-core-python
ddtrace/internal/wrapping/context.py                                    @DataDog/apm-core-python
tests/debugging/conftest.py                                             @DataDog/debugger-python
tests/debugging/function/test_discovery.py                              @DataDog/debugger-python
tests/debugging/test_debugger_span_decoration.py                        @DataDog/debugger-python