🏫 School Management System – Java Project-2

📌 Objective

This project demonstrates core Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles using Java, including:

• Inheritance: Building a class hierarchy of school staff.
• Encapsulation: Securing class attributes using access modifiers.
• Polymorphism: Achieved via upcasting and downcasting.
• Static Concepts: Usage of static variables, methods, and static blocks for shared resources.

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✅ Functional Requirements

1. 📂 Staff Class (Base Class)

• Attributes (private):

  • String name
  • int age
  • String employeeId

• Static Attribute:

  • String schoolName – shared by all staff members

• Methods:

  • String work() – returns a string stating the staff is working.
  • String details() – returns staff details.

• Static Methods:

  • void showSchoolName() – prints the school name.

• Static Block:

  • Initializes the schoolName when the class is loaded.

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2. 👩‍🏫 Teacher Class (Inherits from Staff)

• Additional Attribute:

  • String subject

• Methods:

  • void setSubject(String subject) – sets the teacher's subject.
  • String teach() – returns a message that the teacher is teaching the subject.
  • String details() – overrides parent method to include the subject info.

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3. 👨‍💼 Principal Class (Inherits from Staff)

• Additional Attribute:

  • int yearsOfExperience

• Methods:

  • void setExperience(int experience) – sets the principal's experience.
  • String lead() – returns a message indicating leadership.
  • String details() – overrides parent method to include experience.

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4. 🧪 Main Class (Demonstration)

Demonstrates the following concepts:

• 🔒 Encapsulation – access and modify attributes via getter/setter methods.
• 🔁 Upcasting – treat Teacher/Principal objects as Staff references to call shared methods.
• 🔄 Downcasting – revert Staff reference to specific subclass to call unique methods.
• 🧷 Static Variable/Method – shared schoolName is displayed using a static method.
• ⚡ Static Block – initializes static data when class is loaded.

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📖 Concepts Covered

Feature	Description
Inheritance	Teacher and Principal extend Staff
Encapsulation	Private attributes with public setters/getters
Upcasting	Staff s = new Teacher()
Downcasting	Teacher t = (Teacher) s
Static Methods/Vars	Shared school name using static members
Static Block	One-time initialization of static fields

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🗂️ Project Structure

SchoolManagementSystem/
│
├── .classpath
├── .gitignore
├── .project
├── .settings/
│   ├── org.eclipse.core.resources.prefs
│   └── org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs
│
├── src/
│   └── com/pentagon/smsp/
│       ├── Staff.java
│       ├── Teacher.java
│       ├── Principal.java
│       └── SMS.java    <-- Main class
│
└── module-info.java

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💻 Sample Output

School Name is : Govt School
Priya  teacher is teaching 
name : Priya  age 25 employeeId: emp01 subject: Maths
name : hari age 45 employeeId: emp05 years of experience:20 is leading the school with 20 of Experience
name : hari age 45 employeeId: emp05 years of experience:20

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🛠️ Technologies Used

• Java (OOP Concepts)
• Eclipse IDE (or any preferred Java IDE)