Feat: Allow specifying a minimum number of intervals to include for each model in a plan

sqlmesh/cli/main.py

@@ -520,6 +520,11 @@ def diff(ctx: click.Context, environment: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
     help="Explain the plan instead of applying it.",
     default=None,
 )
+@click.option(
+    "--min-intervals",
+    default=0,
+    help="For every model, ensure at least this many intervals are covered by a missing intervals check regardless of the plan start date",
+)
 @opt.verbose
 @click.pass_context
 @error_handler

sqlmesh/core/console.py

@@ -2073,8 +2073,8 @@ def _prompt_backfill(
             if not plan_builder.override_end:
                 if plan.provided_end:
                     blank_meaning = f"'{time_like_to_str(plan.provided_end)}'"
-                elif plan.interval_end_per_model:
-                    max_end = max(plan.interval_end_per_model.values())
+                elif plan.end_override_per_model:
+                    max_end = max(plan.end_override_per_model.values())
                     blank_meaning = f"'{time_like_to_str(max_end)}'"
                 else:
                     blank_meaning = "now"

sqlmesh/core/context.py

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from shutil import rmtree
 from types import MappingProxyType
+from datetime import datetime
 
 from sqlglot import Dialect, exp
 from sqlglot.helper import first
@@ -125,6 +126,8 @@
     format_tz_datetime,
     now_timestamp,
     now,
+    to_datetime,
+    make_exclusive,
 )
 from sqlmesh.utils.errors import (
     CircuitBreakerError,
@@ -1222,6 +1225,7 @@ def plan(
         diff_rendered: t.Optional[bool] = None,
         skip_linter: t.Optional[bool] = None,
         explain: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        min_intervals: t.Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> Plan:
         """Interactively creates a plan.
 
@@ -1268,6 +1272,8 @@ def plan(
             diff_rendered: Whether the diff should compare raw vs rendered models
             skip_linter: Linter runs by default so this will skip it if enabled
             explain: Whether to explain the plan instead of applying it.
+            min_intervals: Adjust the plan start date on a per-model basis in order to ensure at least this many intervals are covered
+                on every model when checking for missing intervals
 
         Returns:
             The populated Plan object.
@@ -1296,6 +1302,7 @@ def plan(
             diff_rendered=diff_rendered,
             skip_linter=skip_linter,
             explain=explain,
+            min_intervals=min_intervals,
         )
 
         plan = plan_builder.build()
@@ -1345,6 +1352,7 @@ def plan_builder(
         diff_rendered: t.Optional[bool] = None,
         skip_linter: t.Optional[bool] = None,
         explain: t.Optional[bool] = None,
+        min_intervals: t.Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> PlanBuilder:
         """Creates a plan builder.
 
@@ -1381,6 +1389,8 @@ def plan_builder(
             enable_preview: Indicates whether to enable preview for forward-only models in development environments.
             run: Whether to run latest intervals as part of the plan application.
             diff_rendered: Whether the diff should compare raw vs rendered models
+            min_intervals: Adjust the plan start date on a per-model basis in order to ensure at least this many intervals are covered
+                on every model when checking for missing intervals
 
         Returns:
             The plan builder.
@@ -1408,6 +1418,7 @@ def plan_builder(
             "run": run,
             "diff_rendered": diff_rendered,
             "skip_linter": skip_linter,
+            "min_intervals": min_intervals,
         }
         user_provided_flags: t.Dict[str, UserProvidedFlags] = {
             k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None
@@ -1530,6 +1541,16 @@ def plan_builder(
             # Refresh snapshot intervals to ensure that they are up to date with values reflected in the max_interval_end_per_model.
             self.state_sync.refresh_snapshot_intervals(context_diff.snapshots.values())
 
+        start_override_per_model = self._calculate_start_override_per_model(
+            min_intervals,
+            start or default_start,
+            end or default_end,
+            execution_time or now(),
+            backfill_models,
+            snapshots,
+            max_interval_end_per_model,
+        )
+
         return self.PLAN_BUILDER_TYPE(
             context_diff=context_diff,
             start=start,
@@ -1560,7 +1581,8 @@ def plan_builder(
             ),
             end_bounded=not run,
             ensure_finalized_snapshots=self.config.plan.use_finalized_state,
-            interval_end_per_model=max_interval_end_per_model,
+            start_override_per_model=start_override_per_model,
+            end_override_per_model=max_interval_end_per_model,
             console=self.console,
             user_provided_flags=user_provided_flags,
             explain=explain or False,
@@ -2850,15 +2872,15 @@ def _plan_preview_enabled(self) -> bool:
     def _get_plan_default_start_end(
         self,
         snapshots: t.Dict[str, Snapshot],
-        max_interval_end_per_model: t.Dict[str, int],
+        max_interval_end_per_model: t.Dict[str, datetime],
         backfill_models: t.Optional[t.Set[str]],
         modified_model_names: t.Set[str],
         execution_time: t.Optional[TimeLike] = None,
     ) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[int], t.Optional[int]]:
         if not max_interval_end_per_model:
             return None, None
 
-        default_end = max(max_interval_end_per_model.values())
+        default_end = to_timestamp(max(max_interval_end_per_model.values()))
         default_start: t.Optional[int] = None
         # Infer the default start by finding the smallest interval start that corresponds to the default end.
         for model_name in backfill_models or modified_model_names or max_interval_end_per_model:
@@ -2887,19 +2909,101 @@ def _get_plan_default_start_end(
 
         return default_start, default_end
 
+    def _calculate_start_override_per_model(
+        self,
+        min_intervals: t.Optional[int],
+        plan_start: t.Optional[TimeLike],
+        plan_end: t.Optional[TimeLike],
+        plan_execution_time: TimeLike,
+        backfill_model_fqns: t.Optional[t.Set[str]],
+        snapshots_by_model_fqn: t.Dict[str, Snapshot],
+        end_override_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, datetime]],
+    ) -> t.Dict[str, datetime]:
+        if not min_intervals or not backfill_model_fqns or not plan_start:
+            # If there are no models to backfill, there are no intervals to consider for backfill, so we dont need to consider a minimum number
+            # If the plan doesnt have a start date, all intervals are considered already so we dont need to consider a minimum number
+            # If we dont have a minimum number of intervals to consider, then we dont need to adjust the start date on a per-model basis
+            return {}
+
+        start_overrides: t.Dict[str, datetime] = {}
+        end_override_per_model = end_override_per_model or {}
+
+        plan_execution_time_dt = to_datetime(plan_execution_time)
+        plan_start_dt = to_datetime(plan_start, relative_base=plan_execution_time_dt)
+        plan_end_dt = to_datetime(
+            plan_end or plan_execution_time_dt, relative_base=plan_execution_time_dt
+        )
+
+        # we need to take the DAG into account so that parent models can be expanded to cover at least as much as their children
+        # for example, A(hourly) <- B(daily)
+        # if min_intervals=1, A would have 1 hour and B would have 1 day
+        # but B depends on A so in order for B to have 1 valid day, A needs to be expanded to 24 hours
+        backfill_dag: DAG[str] = DAG()
+        for fqn in backfill_model_fqns:
+            backfill_dag.add(
+                fqn,
+                [
+                    p.name
+                    for p in snapshots_by_model_fqn[fqn].parents
+                    if p.name in backfill_model_fqns
+                ],
+            )
+
+        # start from the leaf nodes and work back towards the root because the min_start at the root node is determined by the calculated starts in the leaf nodes
+        reversed_dag = backfill_dag.reversed
+        graph = reversed_dag.graph
+
+        for model_fqn in reversed_dag:
+            # Get the earliest start from all immediate children of this snapshot
+            # this works because topological ordering guarantees that they've already been visited
+            # and we always set a start override
+            min_child_start = min(
+                [start_overrides[immediate_child_fqn] for immediate_child_fqn in graph[model_fqn]],
+                default=plan_start_dt,
+            )
+
+            snapshot = snapshots_by_model_fqn.get(model_fqn)
+
+            if not snapshot:
+                continue
+
+            starting_point = end_override_per_model.get(model_fqn, plan_end_dt)
+            if node_end := snapshot.node.end:
+                # if we dont do this, if the node end is a *date* (as opposed to a timestamp)
+                # we end up incorrectly winding back an extra day
+                node_end_dt = make_exclusive(node_end)
+
+                if node_end_dt < plan_end_dt:
+                    # if the model has an end date that has already elapsed, use that as a starting point for calculating min_intervals
+                    # instead of the plan end. If we use the plan end, we will return intervals in the future which are invalid
+                    starting_point = node_end_dt
+
+            snapshot_start = snapshot.node.cron_floor(starting_point)
+
+            for _ in range(min_intervals):
+                # wind back the starting point by :min_intervals intervals to arrive at the minimum snapshot start date
+                snapshot_start = snapshot.node.cron_prev(snapshot_start)
+
+            start_overrides[model_fqn] = min(min_child_start, snapshot_start)
+
+        return start_overrides
+
     def _get_max_interval_end_per_model(
         self, snapshots: t.Dict[str, Snapshot], backfill_models: t.Optional[t.Set[str]]
-    ) -> t.Dict[str, int]:
+    ) -> t.Dict[str, datetime]:
         models_for_interval_end = (
             self._get_models_for_interval_end(snapshots, backfill_models)
             if backfill_models is not None
             else None
         )
-        return self.state_sync.max_interval_end_per_model(
-            c.PROD,
-            models=models_for_interval_end,
-            ensure_finalized_snapshots=self.config.plan.use_finalized_state,
-        )
+        return {
+            model_fqn: to_datetime(ts)
+            for model_fqn, ts in self.state_sync.max_interval_end_per_model(
+                c.PROD,
+                models=models_for_interval_end,
+                ensure_finalized_snapshots=self.config.plan.use_finalized_state,
+            ).items()
+        }
 
     @staticmethod
     def _get_models_for_interval_end(

sqlmesh/core/node.py

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ class IntervalUnit(str, Enum):
     IntervalUnit can be one of 5 types, YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE. The unit is inferred
     based on the cron schedule of a node. The minimum time delta between a sample set of dates
     is used to determine which unit a node's schedule is.
+
+    It's designed to align with common partitioning schemes, hence why there is no WEEK unit
+    because generally tables are not partitioned by week
     """
 
     YEAR = "year"

sqlmesh/core/plan/builder.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import typing as t
 from collections import defaultdict
 from functools import cached_property
+from datetime import datetime
 
 
 from sqlmesh.core.console import PlanBuilderConsole, get_console
@@ -85,7 +86,8 @@ class PlanBuilder:
         ensure_finalized_snapshots: Whether to compare against snapshots from the latest finalized
             environment state, or to use whatever snapshots are in the current environment state even if
             the environment is not finalized.
-        interval_end_per_model: The mapping from model FQNs to target end dates.
+        start_override_per_model: A mapping of model FQNs to target start dates.
+        end_override_per_model: A mapping of model FQNs to target end dates.
         explain: Whether to explain the plan instead of applying it.
     """
 
@@ -117,7 +119,8 @@ def __init__(
         end_bounded: bool = False,
         ensure_finalized_snapshots: bool = False,
         explain: bool = False,
-        interval_end_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, int]] = None,
+        start_override_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, datetime]] = None,
+        end_override_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, datetime]] = None,
         console: t.Optional[PlanBuilderConsole] = None,
         user_provided_flags: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, UserProvidedFlags]] = None,
     ):
@@ -133,7 +136,8 @@ def __init__(
         self._enable_preview = enable_preview
         self._end_bounded = end_bounded
         self._ensure_finalized_snapshots = ensure_finalized_snapshots
-        self._interval_end_per_model = interval_end_per_model
+        self._start_override_per_model = start_override_per_model
+        self._end_override_per_model = end_override_per_model
         self._environment_ttl = environment_ttl
         self._categorizer_config = categorizer_config or CategorizerConfig()
         self._auto_categorization_enabled = auto_categorization_enabled
@@ -280,7 +284,11 @@ def build(self) -> Plan:
         self._adjust_new_snapshot_intervals()
 
         deployability_index = (
-            DeployabilityIndex.create(self._context_diff.snapshots.values(), start=self._start)
+            DeployabilityIndex.create(
+                self._context_diff.snapshots.values(),
+                start=self._start,
+                start_override_per_model=self._start_override_per_model,
+            )
             if self._is_dev
             else DeployabilityIndex.all_deployable()
         )
@@ -291,11 +299,11 @@ def build(self) -> Plan:
         )
         models_to_backfill = self._build_models_to_backfill(dag, restatements)
 
-        interval_end_per_model = self._interval_end_per_model
-        if interval_end_per_model and self.override_end:
+        end_override_per_model = self._end_override_per_model
+        if end_override_per_model and self.override_end:
             # If the end date was provided explicitly by a user, then interval end for each individual
             # model should be ignored.
-            interval_end_per_model = None
+            end_override_per_model = None
 
         # this deliberately uses the passed in self._execution_time and not self.execution_time cached property
         # the reason is because that there can be a delay between the Plan being built and the Plan being actually run,
@@ -322,7 +330,8 @@ def build(self) -> Plan:
             indirectly_modified=indirectly_modified,
             deployability_index=deployability_index,
             restatements=restatements,
-            interval_end_per_model=interval_end_per_model,
+            start_override_per_model=self._start_override_per_model,
+            end_override_per_model=end_override_per_model,
             selected_models_to_backfill=self._backfill_models,
             models_to_backfill=models_to_backfill,
             effective_from=self._effective_from,

sqlmesh/core/plan/definition.py

@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ class Plan(PydanticModel, frozen=True):
 
     deployability_index: DeployabilityIndex
     restatements: t.Dict[SnapshotId, Interval]
-    interval_end_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, int]]
+    start_override_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, datetime]]
+    end_override_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, datetime]]
 
     selected_models_to_backfill: t.Optional[t.Set[str]] = None
     """Models that have been explicitly selected for backfill by a user."""
@@ -177,7 +178,8 @@ def missing_intervals(self) -> t.List[SnapshotIntervals]:
                 execution_time=self.execution_time,
                 restatements=self.restatements,
                 deployability_index=self.deployability_index,
-                interval_end_per_model=self.interval_end_per_model,
+                start_override_per_model=self.start_override_per_model,
+                end_override_per_model=self.end_override_per_model,
                 end_bounded=self.end_bounded,
             ).items()
             if snapshot.is_model and missing
@@ -265,7 +267,8 @@ def to_evaluatable(self) -> EvaluatablePlan:
             removed_snapshots=sorted(self.context_diff.removed_snapshots),
             requires_backfill=self.requires_backfill,
             models_to_backfill=self.models_to_backfill,
-            interval_end_per_model=self.interval_end_per_model,
+            start_override_per_model=self.start_override_per_model,
+            end_override_per_model=self.end_override_per_model,
             execution_time=self.execution_time,
             disabled_restatement_models={
                 s.name
@@ -303,7 +306,8 @@ class EvaluatablePlan(PydanticModel):
     removed_snapshots: t.List[SnapshotId]
     requires_backfill: bool
     models_to_backfill: t.Optional[t.Set[str]] = None
-    interval_end_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, int]] = None
+    start_override_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, datetime]] = None
+    end_override_per_model: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, datetime]] = None
     execution_time: t.Optional[TimeLike] = None
     disabled_restatement_models: t.Set[str]
     environment_statements: t.Optional[t.List[EnvironmentStatements]] = None

sqlmesh/core/plan/evaluator.py

@@ -256,7 +256,8 @@ def visit_audit_only_run_stage(
             plan.end,
             execution_time=plan.execution_time,
             end_bounded=plan.end_bounded,
-            interval_end_per_model=plan.interval_end_per_model,
+            start_override_per_model=plan.start_override_per_model,
+            end_override_per_model=plan.end_override_per_model,
         )
 
         if completion_status.is_failure:

sqlmesh/core/plan/stages.py

@@ -524,7 +524,8 @@ def _missing_intervals(
             },
             deployability_index=deployability_index,
             end_bounded=plan.end_bounded,
-            interval_end_per_model=plan.interval_end_per_model,
+            start_override_per_model=plan.start_override_per_model,
+            end_override_per_model=plan.end_override_per_model,
         )
 
     def _get_audit_only_snapshots(