Serialize Extension

为解决Inspector面板序列化抽象类过于冗杂提供了一些方案

• 序列化抽象类和接口
• 使用属性代理字段的赋值
• 控制字段在Inspector面板为只读

序列化抽象类和接口

通常情况下，我们会使用Unity的[SerializeReference]特性来在Inspector面板对抽象字段进行序列化操作，缺点可能就是需要为脚本提供一些Editor函数来为抽象字段决定真正的类型

public interface IPerson { }

[Serializable]
public class Teacher : IPerson 
{
    [SerializeField] int m_teachID;
}

[Serializable]
public class Student : IPerson 
{ 
    [SerializeField] string m_name;
}

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeReference] IPerson peopel;

    [ContextMenu("Add Student")]
    private void AddStudent() {
        peopel = new Student();
    }

    [ContextMenu("Add Teacher")]
    public void AddTeacher() {
        peopel = new Teacher();
    }
}

使用[SerializeExtension]特性可以在Inspector面板添加选择框来去除给脚本添加的Editor代码

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeExtension]
    [SerializeReference] IPerson peopel;
}

使用属性代理字段的赋值

有时候我们需要对Inspector面板传入的值做一些校验或者是特殊的处理，可以在使用[SerializeExtension]特性时选择传入proxyPropertyName参数来实现对字段赋值时调用特定属性来代理赋值。proxyPropertyName为属性名称的字符串

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeExtension(proxyPropertyName: nameof(Health))]
    [SerializeField] int m_health;

    public int Health {
        get => m_health;
        set => m_health = mathf.clamp(value, 0, 100);
    }
}

控制字段在Inspector面板为只读

在使用[SerializeExtension]特性时选择传入canWrite参数来实现字段在Inspector面板上是否可以修改

[Serializable]
public class Student : IPerson 
{ 
    [SerializeExtension(canWrite: false)]
    [SerializeField] string m_name = "ABC";
}

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeExtension]
    [SerializeReference] IPerson peopel;

    [SerializeField] int a = 10;

    [SerializeExtension(canWrite: false)]
    [SerializeField] int b = 20;
}