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content: "Field data can be uploaded using a csv file with example column names specified on the right. When importing data, select which row has these column headings by adjusting the header. Choose the correct separator symbol between values in rows. If uncertainty data is uploaded, missing values will be filled in as 0.05 (5%)."
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content: "Field data can be uploaded using a csv file with example column names specified on the right. When importing data, select which row has these column headings by adjusting the header. Choose the correct separator symbol between values in rows. If uncertainty data is uploaded, missing values will be filled in as 0.1 (10%)."
<h6style="color: #003466; margin-bottom: 10px; font-weight:bold;">Let's Get Started</h6>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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Hydrometric field work involves regular visits to a hydrometric gauging station across a range of streamflow conditions. A hydrometric gauging station typically consists of a stage sensor and benchmarks or reference gauge from which water level is referenced. Each field visit should collect three basic observations: reference of stage, measurement of discharge, and control observation. These observations are required to convert stage into discharge through the development of a hydrometric rating curve. (Note: Safety should be considered when collecting these observations, do not attempt any unsafe field work!).
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</br><br>The Hydrometric Rating Application (HydRA) is a tool for developing hydrometric rating curves based on observations of stage and discharge. HydRA allows the user to upload observations of stage and discharge and automatically fits a rating curve. Users can adjust the fit according to onsite observations. It then generates a rating equation that can be used for converting stage datasets into discharge.
<smallclass='text-description'>Stage-discharge ratings are generally based on Manning's simplified hydraulic equation below where <em>Q</em> is </small>
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<aclass='key-term' style="font-weight:normal;" href='#' data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Volume of water transported in a certain amount of time.">discharge</a>
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<smallclass='text-description'>, <em>H</em> is </small>
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<aclass='key-term' style="font-weight:normal;" href='#' data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Water height above the bed.">stage</a>
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<smallclass='text-description'>, <em>h<sub>0</sub></em> is the </small>
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<aclass='key-term' style="font-weight:normal;" href='#' data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Gauge height at zero flow.">offset</a>
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<smallclass='text-description'>, C is the </small>
<smallclass='text-description'>, and b is the </small>
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<aclass='key-term' style="font-weight:normal;" href='#' data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Calibration parameter influenced by the control geometry.">exponent.</a>
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</div>
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<divstyle="text-align:center;">
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<smallclass='text-equation'>Q = C ( H - h<sub>0</sub> ) <sup>b</sup></small>
<smallclass='text-description'>Calibration parameter influenced by channel characteristics such as width, slope, bed roughness.</small><br>
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<aclass='key-term' href='#' data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Calibration parameter influenced by the control geometry."><em>b</em> - exponent:</a>
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<smallclass='text-description'>Calibration parameter influenced by the control geometry. </small>
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<aclass='key-term' href='#' data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Features downstream of the gauge which influence flow.">Controls</a>
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<smallclass='text-description'> are natural or constructed features located downstream of the gauge which influence flow.</small>
<h6style="color: #003466; margin-bottom: 10px; font-weight:bold;">Fit for a Stream</h6>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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The HydRA app offers the option to auto-fit rating curves by finding the best equation describing the uploaded field data. The auto-fit function uses a power law model with weights based on discharge measurement uncertainty. A least square method is used to define the auto-fit, this fit may be optimized by adjusting applicable measurements or offsets.
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</small>
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<br>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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The uncertainty for each discharge measurement is used to weigh the importance of each measurement in the fit.
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Implementation details of the power law model can be found in the <ahref="https://github.com/bcgov/nr-hydrometric-rating-curve">open source code</a> of HydRA
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and the documentation for the <ahref="https://lmfit.github.io/lmfit-py/builtin_models.html#lmfit.models.PowerLawModel" target="_blank">lmfit</a> library and its
<h6style="color: #003466; margin-bottom: 10px; font-weight:bold;">To Fit and to Fiddle</h6>
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<divstyle="margin-bottom:5px;">
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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Common metrics can be used to assess the performance of your hydrometric rating curve. These include the following:
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</small>
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</div>
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<divstyle="margin-bottom:15px;">
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<aclass='key-term' href='#' data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="The square root of the mean of the squared differences between observed and predicted values.">Root Mean Square Error</a><br>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is given by the equation below where <em>Q</em> is discharge and <em>N</em> is number of measurements.
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This provides an indication of the average error between observed and predicted discharge values.<br>
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In general, a lower RMSE means a better “fit” of the dataset.
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HydRA auto-fits the rating curve parameters to, in part, minimize the RMSE. However, there are many sources of uncertainty in hydrometric data and many ways to adjust the “fit” of a rating curve.
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Multiple rating curve parameter interpretations may be compared using the RMSE to assess which is the best fit.
<aclass='key-term' href='#' "The difference between the predicted and the observed value, divided by the observed value, then multiplied by 100.">Percent Error</a><br>
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<smallclass='text-description'>Percent error is calculated by the following equation where <em>Q</em> is discharge and an example is shown by the figure below. This plot is useful for analyzing the error distribution and identifying outliers.</small>
<h6style="color: #003466; margin-bottom: 10px; font-weight:bold;">Time for a Break</h6>
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<smallclass='text-description'>Stage-discharge relations may have multiple rating</small>
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<aclass='key-term' href='#' data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Region of a stage-discharge relation.">segments</a>
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<smallclass='text-description'>divided by</small>
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<aclass='key-term' href='#' data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="The transition point of connecting segments.">breakpoints</a>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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. Each segment is a rating equation governed by unique hydraulic controls.
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In the example figure below, segment 1 applies to stage between 0.32 m and 0.52 m and is likely influenced by section controls such as channel constrictions, woody debris, or rock ledges. Segment 2 applies to stage values between 0.52 m and 1.4 m and is likely affected by channel
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controls such as channel geometry and bed roughness.
<h6style="color: #003466; margin-bottom: 10px; font-weight:bold;">If the curve fits, use it</h6>
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<p>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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<b>Step 1: </b>
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Upload field visit information for your period of interest including all relevant fields
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</small>
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</p>
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<p>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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<b>Step 2: </b>
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Input the offset as the gauge height, or stage, at zero flow
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</small>
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</p>
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<p>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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<b>Step 3: </b>
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Assess the quality of the auto-fit by adjusting curve parameters such as: end points, applicable measurements, offsets. Consult field visit notes, photos and discharge measurement meta-data to assess further. If applicable, add any breakpoints to account for channel complexity at higher or lower stages. Consider comparing multiple interpretations of the fit using the RMSE and MAPE parameters
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<br>
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<i>*Note: this may take some time, session settings can be saved in the export tab </i>
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</small>
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</p>
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<p>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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<b>Step 4: </b>
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Export rating curve parameters as a .pdf or .csv
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</small>
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</p>
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<p>
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<smallclass='text-description'>
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<b>Step 5: </b>
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Use input values of stage with your rating curve equation to produce modelled discharge, remember to grade your output dataset according to provincial hydrometric RISC standards
<smallclass='text-description'>HydRA is designed to ONLY produce a rating curve equation and summary report. The complete hydrometric data review process should include the review, correction, and grading of the input stage dataset and the output discharge dataset according to the <ahref="https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/nr-laws-policy/risc/man_bc_hydrometric_stand_v2.pdf" target="_blank">2018 BC Hydrometric RISC standards</a>
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</br></br>Applying RISC grades to the output discharge dataset may depend on the performance of the rating equation in predicting discharge or the range of discharge observed during the rating period. All hydrometric data should be reviewed and graded by a qualified professional according to the RISC standards. For more information, consult RISC Table 1-1.</small>
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