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Author: rcoreilly

citedrefs.json

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The approach taken to this challenge in the [[Rubicon]] framework is to first un
 {id="figure_odr-delay" style="height:40em"}
 ![Spatially-tuned working memory (delay period) activity in PFC neurons recorded during an oculomotor delayed responding task, where monkeys saw one of the 8 different locations briefly cued, but had to maintain their eye fixation on the central fixation point (FP). When the illumination of the FB went out, then they could move their eyes to the cued location, which was maintained over the delay by sustained neural firing as in the example shown here, where the 270 deg location (central bottom) was cued. From Funahashi et al., 1989.](media/fig_pfc_funahashi_etal_89_odr_delay_act.png)
 
-The unique "superpower" that the PFC brings to the table is the ability to maintain neural firing in a robust manner over time (i.e., **working memory**; [[@BaddeleyHitch74]]; [[@MiyakeShah99]]; [[@KubotaNiki71]]; [[@FusterAlexander71]]; [[@Goldman-Rakic95a]]), which is the "glue" that keeps attention focused on the selected goal. See [[#figure_odr-delay]] for a classic example from [[@^FunahashiBruceGoldman-Rakic89]] ([[experimental-methods#peristimulus time histogram (PSTH)]] explains the plot if unfamiliar), The neural basis for this ability derives from strong bidirectional circuits with high levels of [[neuron channels#NMDA]] channels, producing a high degree of [[stable activation]] ([[@LismanFellousWang99]]; [[@BrunelWang01]]; [[@SandersBerendsMajorEtAl13]]).
+The unique "superpower" that the PFC brings to the table is the ability to maintain neural firing in a robust manner over time (i.e., **working memory**; [[@BaddeleyHitch74]]; [[@MiyakeShah99]]; [[@KubotaNiki71]]; [[@FusterAlexander71]]; [[@Goldman-Rakic95a]]), which is the "glue" that keeps attention focused on the selected goal. See [[#figure_odr-delay]] for a classic example from [[@^FunahashiBruceGoldman-Rakic89]] ([[experimental-methods#peristimulus time histogram (PSTH)]] explains the plot if unfamiliar), The neural basis for this ability derives from strong bidirectional circuits with high levels of [[neuron channels#NMDA]] channels, producing a high degree of [[stable activation]] ([[@LismanFellousWang99]]; [[@BrunelWang01]]; [[@SandersBerendsMajorEtAl13]]). Various neuromodulators including [[dopamine]] and [[acetylcholine]] play critical roles as well ([[@CoolsArnsten22]]).
 
 The most salient way to understand what the PFC does in this regard comes from the fact that the PFC is inactivated during sleep ([[@HobsonPace-Schott02]]), such that your inability to maintain any kind of coherent focus while dreaming demonstrates the critical contributions of the PFC. The posterior neocortex in particular is great at generating semantic associations and potential connections and insights, but it is easily distracted and follows a stream-of-consciousness trajectory without the PFC there to keep it focused on the task at hand.
 

content/prefrontal-cortex.md

@@ -230,6 +230,8 @@
 
 <p id="CookBuonaratiCoultrapEtAl21">Cook, S.G., Buonarati, O.R., Coultrap, S.J., & Bayer, K.U. (2021). CaMKII holoenzyme mechanisms that govern the LTP versus LTD decision. Science Advances, https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.abe2300 http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe2300</p>
 
+<p id="CoolsArnsten22">Cools, R., & Arnsten, A.F.T. (2022). Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 309-328. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-021-01100-8 http://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01100-8</p>
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 <p id="Cooper05">Cooper, S.J. (2005). Donald O. Hebb's synapse and learning rule: a history and commentary. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28, 851-874. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763404000995 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.009</p>
 
 <p id="Corkin02">Corkin, S. (2002). What's new with the amnesic patient H. M.? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 153-160. </p>
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 <p id="NewcomerFarberJevtovic-TodorovicEtAl99">Newcomer, J.W., Farber, N.B., Jevtovic-Todorovic, V., Selke, G., Melson, A.K., Hershey, T., Craft, S., & Olney, J.W. (1999). Ketamine-Induced NMDA Receptor Hypofunction as a Model of Memory Impairment and Psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 20, 106-118. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893133X98000670 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00067-0</p>
 
+<p id="Newell90">Newell, A. (1990). Unified Theories of Cognition. Harvard University Press. </p>
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 <p id="NewellSimon72">Newell, A., & Simon, H.A. (1972). Human Problem Solving. Prentice-Hall. </p>
 
 <p id="Newport90">Newport, E.L. (1990). Maturational Constraints on Language Learning. Cognitive Science, 14, 11-28. </p>
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 <p id="OReillyBraverCohen99">O'Reilly, R.C., Braver, T.S., & Cohen, J.D. (1999). A Biologically Based Computational Model of Working Memory. In A. Miyake, & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control (pp. 375-411). Cambridge University Press. </p>
 
+<p id="OReillyBusbySoto03">O'Reilly, R.C., Busby, R.S., & Soto, R. (2003). Three Forms of Binding and their Neural Substrates: Alternatives to Temporal Synchrony. In A. Cleeremans (Ed.), The Unity of Consciousness: Binding, Integration, and Dissociation (pp. 168-192). Oxford University Press. </p>
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 <p id="OReillyFrank06">O'Reilly, R.C., & Frank, M.J. (2006). Making working memory work: a computational model of learning in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Neural Computation, 18, 283-328. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16378516</p>
 
 <p id="OReillyFrankHazyEtAl07">O'Reilly, R.C., Frank, M.J., Hazy, T.E., & Watz, B. (2007). PVLV: The primary value and learned value Pavlovian learning algorithm. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 31-49. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17324049</p>