Disallow running dstack on Python 3.9

Python 3.9.0 reached end-of-life on 2025-10-31.

Author: jvstme

.github/workflows/build-artifacts.yml

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [macos-latest, ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}

AGENTS.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 - Frontend: from `frontend/` run `npm install`, `npm run build`, then copy `frontend/build` into `src/dstack/_internal/server/statics/`; for dev, `npm run start` with API on port 8000.
 
 ## Coding Style & Naming Conventions
-- Python targets 3.9+ with 4-space indentation and max line length of 99 (see `ruff.toml`; `E501` is ignored but keep lines readable).
+- Python targets 3.10+ with 4-space indentation and max line length of 99 (see `pyproject.toml`; `E501` is ignored but keep lines readable).
 - Imports are sorted via Ruff’s isort settings (`dstack` treated as first-party).
 - Keep primary/public functions before local helper functions in a module section.
 - Roughly keep function definitions in the order they are referenced within a file so call flow stays easy to follow.

docs/docs/concepts/backends.md

@@ -741,9 +741,6 @@ projects:
 
     </div>
 
-!!! info "Python version"
-    Nebius is only supported if `dstack server` is running on Python 3.10 or higher.
-
 
 ### Crusoe
 

examples/plugins/example_plugin/pyproject.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 authors = [
     { name = "Victor Skvortsov", email = "victor@dstack.ai" }
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = []
 
 [build-system]

examples/plugins/example_plugin_server/pyproject.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "dstack-plugin-server"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Example plugin server"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = [
     "fastapi",
     "uvicorn",

pyproject.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "dstack"
 dynamic = ["version", "readme"]
 authors = [{ name = "Andrey Cheptsov", email = "andrey@dstack.ai" }]
 description = "dstack is an open-source orchestration engine for running AI workloads on any cloud or on-premises."
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 classifiers = [
     "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
     "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Artificial Intelligence",
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ ignore-case = true
 dstack-plugin-server = { path = "examples/plugins/example_plugin_server", editable = true }
 
 [tool.ruff]
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
 line-length = 99
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ server = [
     "python-json-logger>=3.1.0",
     "prometheus-client",
     "grpcio>=1.50",
-    "backports.entry-points-selectable",
 ]
 aws = [
     "boto3>=1.38.13",
@@ -226,11 +225,11 @@ gcp = [
     "dstack[server]",
 ]
 datacrunch = [
-    "verda>=1.23.0; python_version >= '3.10'",
+    "verda>=1.23.0",
     "dstack[server]",
 ]
 verda = [
-    "verda>=1.23.0; python_version >= '3.10'",
+    "verda>=1.23.0",
     "dstack[server]",
 ]
 kubernetes = [
@@ -251,7 +250,7 @@ oci = [
     "dstack[server]",
 ]
 nebius = [
-    "nebius>=0.3.4,<0.4; python_version >= '3.10'",
+    "nebius>=0.3.4,<0.4",
     "dstack[server]",
 ]
 fluentbit = [

src/dstack/_internal/server/services/plugins.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import itertools
 from importlib import import_module
+from importlib.metadata import entry_points
 from typing import Dict
 
-from backports.entry_points_selectable import entry_points  # backport for Python 3.9
-
 from dstack._internal.core.errors import ServerClientError
 from dstack._internal.utils.common import run_async
 from dstack._internal.utils.logging import get_logger
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ def load_plugins(enabled_plugins: list[str]):
     _PLUGINS.clear()
     entrypoints: dict[str, PluginEntrypoint] = {}
     plugins_to_load = enabled_plugins.copy()
-    for entrypoint in entry_points(group="dstack.plugins"):  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+    for entrypoint in entry_points(group="dstack.plugins"):
         if entrypoint.name not in enabled_plugins:
             logger.info(
                 ("Found not enabled plugin %s. Plugin will not be loaded."),

src/tests/_internal/cli/utils/test_offer.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import asyncio
+import pytest
 
 from dstack._internal.cli.utils.common import console
 from dstack._internal.cli.utils.run import print_run_plan
@@ -34,18 +34,11 @@ def _get_offer(index: int) -> InstanceOfferWithAvailability:
     )
 
 
-def _get_run_plan(*, offers: list[InstanceOfferWithAvailability], total_offers: int) -> RunPlan:
+async def _get_run_plan(
+    *, offers: list[InstanceOfferWithAvailability], total_offers: int
+) -> RunPlan:
     run_spec = get_run_spec(repo_id="test-repo")
-    # Keep this helper's asyncio state isolated. `asyncio.run()` clears the current event loop,
-    # which breaks later Python 3.9 tests that still construct asyncio primitives via
-    # `get_event_loop()` on the main thread.
-    loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
-    try:
-        job = loop.run_until_complete(
-            get_jobs_from_run_spec(run_spec=run_spec, secrets={}, replica_num=0)
-        )[0]
-    finally:
-        loop.close()
+    job = (await get_jobs_from_run_spec(run_spec=run_spec, secrets={}, replica_num=0))[0]
     return RunPlan(
         project_name="test-project",
         user="test-user",
@@ -64,8 +57,9 @@ def _get_run_plan(*, offers: list[InstanceOfferWithAvailability], total_offers:
 
 
 class TestPrintRunPlanOfferHint:
-    def test_prints_hint_before_short_offer_table(self):
-        run_plan = _get_run_plan(offers=[_get_offer(1), _get_offer(2)], total_offers=2)
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_prints_hint_before_short_offer_table(self):
+        run_plan = await _get_run_plan(offers=[_get_offer(1), _get_offer(2)], total_offers=2)
 
         with console.capture() as capture:
             print_run_plan(
@@ -78,9 +72,10 @@ def test_prints_hint_before_short_offer_table(self):
         assert " ".join(_OFFER_FLEET_HINT.split()) in " ".join(output.split())
         assert output.index(_OFFER_FLEET_HINT_START) < output.index("1  aws (us-east-1)")
 
-    def test_prints_hint_after_truncated_offer_table(self):
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_prints_hint_after_truncated_offer_table(self):
         offers = [_get_offer(index) for index in range(1, 4)]
-        run_plan = _get_run_plan(offers=offers, total_offers=10)
+        run_plan = await _get_run_plan(offers=offers, total_offers=10)
 
         with console.capture() as capture:
             print_run_plan(

src/tests/_internal/core/backends/verda/test_compute.py

@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
-import sys
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
-    pytest.skip("Verda requires Python 3.10", allow_module_level=True)
-
 from verda.exceptions import APIException
 
 from dstack._internal.core.backends.verda.compute import (

src/tests/_internal/core/backends/verda/test_configurator.py

@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
-import sys
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
-import pytest
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
-    pytest.skip("Verda requires Python 3.10", allow_module_level=True)
-
 from dstack._internal.core.backends.verda.configurator import (
     VerdaConfigurator,
 )