I am a beginner in R and feel that this part is a bit difficult to understand, so I am trying to supplement this part of the content The rules for missing values in Boolean algebra seem to be attempting to connect circuits "&" is the extension of another section of the line on the basis of the line, and it is only "True" when the entire line is connected "|" is to add a line next to the line. If either the original line or the supplementary line is connected, it is "True"  I assign the copyright of this contribution to Hadley Wickham