- Cloud computing delivers computing services over the internet. (A+ 220-1101, Obj 4.1)
- Public cloud resources are shared across multiple organizations. (4.1)
- Private clouds are dedicated to one organization. (4.1)
- Hybrid clouds combine public and private models. (4.1)
- Community clouds are shared among organizations with common goals. (4.1)
- IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) provides virtualized computing resources. (4.1)
- PaaS (Platform as a Service) offers development platforms and tools. (4.1)
- SaaS (Software as a Service) delivers apps over the internet. (4.1)
- Examples of SaaS: Gmail, Office 365, Salesforce. (4.1)
- Examples of IaaS: AWS EC2, Microsoft Azure VMs. (4.1)
- Virtualization allows multiple OS instances to run on one host. (4.2)
- Hypervisors manage virtual machines (VMs). (4.2)
- Type 1 hypervisors run directly on hardware (bare-metal). (4.2)
- Examples of Type 1: VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, XenServer. (4.2)
- Type 2 hypervisors run on top of a host OS. (4.2)
- Examples of Type 2: VirtualBox, VMware Workstation. (4.2)
- Virtual machines emulate hardware for OS isolation. (4.2)
- Snapshots save the state of a VM for rollback. (4.2)
- VM templates provide preconfigured OS images. (4.2)
- Thin provisioning allocates virtual disk space dynamically. (4.2)
- Virtual switches connect VMs internally or to physical networks. (4.2)
- NAT mode assigns private IPs to VMs and shares the host’s IP. (4.2)
- Bridged networking connects VMs directly to the physical LAN. (4.2)
- Host-only networking isolates VMs but allows host communication. (4.2)
- VLANs segment traffic within virtualized environments. (4.2)
- Virtual firewalls enforce policies inside hypervisors. (4.2)
- Virtual NICs are software-based adapters for VMs. (4.2)
- Storage vMotion allows live migration of VM storage. (4.2)
- vMotion (or live migration) moves running VMs between hosts. (4.2)
- High availability (HA) restarts VMs on another host during failure. (4.2)
- Cloud storage provides scalable capacity on demand. (4.1)
- Popular cloud storage services: Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox. (4.1)
- Cloud sync ensures files are consistent across devices. (4.1)
- File versioning allows rollback to previous cloud copies. (4.1)
- Offline sync lets files be accessed without internet. (4.1)
- Cloud collaboration tools include Microsoft Teams and Google Workspace. (4.1)
- Cloud backup protects data from local hardware failure. (4.1)
- Object storage stores data as objects with metadata. (4.1)
- Block storage emulates traditional disks for VMs. (4.1)
- File storage uses protocols like NFS and SMB in the cloud. (4.1)
- Cloud services use encryption to secure data in transit and at rest. (4.1)
- Shared responsibility models split duties between provider and customer. (4.1)
- Cloud access security brokers (CASBs) enforce security policies. (4.1)
- MFA (Multi-factor authentication) protects cloud logins. (4.1)
- SSO (Single Sign-On) streamlines cloud authentication. (4.1)
- IAM (Identity & Access Management) controls cloud user permissions. (4.1)
- Cloud monitoring tools detect unusual activity. (4.1)
- Tokenization replaces sensitive data with unique tokens. (4.1)
- DLP (Data Loss Prevention) prevents unauthorized sharing. (4.1)
- Cloud compliance requires adherence to laws like GDPR or HIPAA. (4.1)
- Latency issues can affect cloud performance. (4.1)
- Bandwidth bottlenecks slow cloud sync and streaming. (4.1)
- VM sprawl occurs when too many virtual machines are deployed without oversight. (4.2)
- Overprovisioning wastes resources in cloud deployments. (4.2)
- Underprovisioning causes poor VM performance. (4.2)
- Backup failures often occur from insufficient permissions. (4.1)
- Authentication failures may stem from expired tokens or certificates. (4.1)
- Cloud-based apps require constant internet access to function. (4.1)
- SaaS downtime depends on the provider’s SLA (Service Level Agreement). (4.1)
- Cloud elasticity allows scaling resources up or down automatically. (4.1)
📊 Category Total: 60 Facts (fully exam-aligned, non-repetitive)