apacheGH-46011: [C++] Hide DCHECK family from public headers (apache#46015)

### Rationale for this change

`arrow/util/logging.h` exports `DCHECK()` family macros as internal macros. They are conflicted with macros provided by glog when glog headers are included after `arrow/util/logging.h`.

### What changes are included in this PR?

* Move `DCHECK()` family macros to `arrow/util/logging_internal.h`
* Use `arrow/util/logging_internal.h` not `.../logging.h` in `*.cc`
* Use `ARROW_DCHECK*()` macros instead of `DCHECK*()` macros in headers including `*_internal.h`
* Use `ARROW_DCHECK*()` macros instead of `DCHECK*()` macros in examples
* Use `ARROW_DCHECK*()` macros instead of `DCHECK*()` macros in `python/`
 
### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* GitHub Issue: apache#46011

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>

Author: kou

cpp/examples/arrow/rapidjson_row_converter.cc

@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ arrow::Result<std::shared_ptr<arrow::RecordBatch>> ConvertToRecordBatch(
   ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(batch, batch_builder->Flush());
 
   // Use RecordBatch::ValidateFull() to make sure arrays were correctly constructed.
-  DCHECK_OK(batch->ValidateFull());
+  ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(batch->ValidateFull());
   return batch;
 }  // ConvertToRecordBatch
 

cpp/examples/parquet/low_level_api/encryption_reader_writer.cc

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     file_writer->Close();
 
     // Write the bytes to file
-    DCHECK(out_file->Close().ok());
+    ARROW_DCHECK(out_file->Close().ok());
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
     std::cerr << "Parquet write error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     return -1;

cpp/examples/parquet/low_level_api/encryption_reader_writer_all_crypto_options.cc

@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ void InteropTestWriteEncryptedParquetFiles(std::string root_path) {
       file_writer->Close();
 
       // Write the bytes to file
-      DCHECK(out_file->Close().ok());
+      ARROW_DCHECK(out_file->Close().ok());
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       std::cerr << "Parquet write error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
       return;

cpp/examples/parquet/low_level_api/reader_writer.cc

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     file_writer->Close();
 
     // Write the bytes to file
-    DCHECK(out_file->Close().ok());
+    ARROW_DCHECK(out_file->Close().ok());
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
     std::cerr << "Parquet write error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     return -1;

cpp/examples/parquet/low_level_api/reader_writer2.cc

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     file_writer->Close();
 
     // Write the bytes to file
-    DCHECK(out_file->Close().ok());
+    ARROW_DCHECK(out_file->Close().ok());
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
     std::cerr << "Parquet write error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     return -1;

cpp/src/arrow/acero/accumulation_queue.cc

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "arrow/compute/exec.h"
-#include "arrow/util/logging.h"
+#include "arrow/util/logging_internal.h"
 
 namespace arrow {
 namespace acero {

cpp/src/arrow/acero/aggregate_benchmark.cc

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "arrow/util/bit_util.h"
 #include "arrow/util/bitmap_reader.h"
 #include "arrow/util/byte_size.h"
+#include "arrow/util/logging_internal.h"
 #include "arrow/util/string.h"
 
 namespace arrow {

cpp/src/arrow/acero/aggregate_internal.cc

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #include "arrow/datum.h"
 #include "arrow/result.h"
 #include "arrow/util/checked_cast.h"
-#include "arrow/util/logging.h"
+#include "arrow/util/logging_internal.h"
 
 namespace arrow {
 

cpp/src/arrow/acero/asof_join_node.cc

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include "arrow/util/checked_cast.h"
 #include "arrow/util/config.h"
 #include "arrow/util/future.h"
+#include "arrow/util/logging_internal.h"
 #include "arrow/util/string.h"
 
 namespace arrow {

cpp/src/arrow/acero/asof_join_node_test.cc

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #include "arrow/testing/matchers.h"
 #include "arrow/testing/random.h"
 #include "arrow/util/checked_cast.h"
+#include "arrow/util/logging_internal.h"
 #include "arrow/util/thread_pool.h"
 
 #define TRACED_TEST(t_class, t_name, t_body)  \