For those who are either new to or currently researching in the field of quantum compilers, I will be regularly updating resources such as papers categorised by subtopics, open-source code, learning materials(currently planning to create it myself) on quantum compilers, as well as my own personal research paper reviews.
As I have only just begun my first year as a PhD student, there are still many areas where I may fall short. Therefore, I would greatly appreciate any feedback or suggestions from those who are more experienced.
- Quantum Compilation Process: A Survey - F. Javier Cardama, Jorge Vázquez-Pérez, Tomás F. Pena, Juan C. Pichel & Andrés Gómez, 2025
- Quantum Compiler Design for Qubit Mapping and Routing - Chenghong zhu et al., 2025.
- A Comprehensive Review of Quantum Circuit Optimization: Current Trends and Future Directions - Krishnageetha Karuppasamy et al., 2025.
- Quantum Circuit Synthesis and Compilation Optimization: Overview and Prospects - Ge Yan et al., 2024.
- Quantum Compiling - Marco Maronese, Lorenzo Moro, Lorenzo Rocutto, Enrico Prati, 2021
- Programming languages and compiler design for realistic quantum hardware - Frederic T. Chong, Diana Franklin, Margaret Martonosi, Nature, 2017
IR Design & Transpilation Frameworks
- LinguaQuanta: Towards a Quantum Transpiler Between OpenQASM and Quipper - Scott Wesley et al., 2024 - GitHub
- Design and synthesis of scalable quantum programs - Tomer Goldfriend et al., 2025
- PHOENIX: Pauli-Based High-Level Optimization Engine for Instruction Execution on NISQ Devices - Zhaohui Yang et al., 2025 - GitHub
- Practical and efficient quantum circuit synthesis and transpiling with Reinforcement Learning - David Kremer et al., 2025 - GitHub
- Qmod: Expressive High-Level Quantum Modeling - Matan Vax et al., 2025 - GitHub
- QIRO: A Static Single Assignment-based Quantum Program Representation for Optimization - David Ittah et al., 2021 - GitHub
- A Cross-Platform Execution Engine for the Quantum Intermediate Representation - Elaine Wong et al., 2024 - GitHub
- InQuIR: Intermediate Representation for Interconnected Quantum Computers - Shin Nishio, Ryo Wakizaka, 2023 - GitHub
- QSSA: an SSA-based IR for Quantum computing - Anurudh Peduri, Siddharth Bhat, CC 2022 - GitHub
- Quantum circuit transformations with a multi-level intermediate representation compiler - T. Nguyen et al., 2021
- Enabling Retargetable Optimizing Compilers for Quantum Accelerators via a Multi-Level Intermediate Representation - Thien Nguyen, Alexander McCaskey, 2021
- A MLIR Dialect for Quantum Assembly Languages - Alexander McCaskey, Thien Nguyen, QCE 2021
- ScaffCC: A Framework for Compilation and Analysis of Quantum Computing Programs - Ali JavadiAbhari et al., 2014 - GitHub
- Introducing Quantum Intermediate Representation (QIR) - GitHub
Loop & Control-Flow Transforms
- Thoughts on Adopting the Quantum Intermediate Representation (QIR) – Ynnick Stade et al., 2024
- The Limits of Control Flow in Quantum Programming – Charles Yuan et al., 2023
- Software Pipelining for Quantum Loop Programs – Jingzhe Guo, Mingsheng Ying, IEEE TSE 2023
- Exploring the Impact of Affine Loop Transformations in Qubit Allocation – Martin Kong, 2020
Quantum Circuit Analysis
- Character Complexity: A Novel Measure for Quantum Circuit Analysis - Daksh Shami, 2024
- QuCT: A Framework for Analyzing Quantum Circuit by Extracting Contextual and Topological Features - Siwei Tan et al., MICRO 2023 - GitHub
- Quantum Vulnerability Analysis to Guide Robust Quantum Computing System Design - Fang Qi et al., 2023
Quantum Program Optimization
- SuperstaQ: Deep Optimization of Quantum Program - Campbell et al., QCE 2023 - GitHub
- Paulihedral: a generalized block-wise compiler optimization framework for Quantum simulation kernels - Gushu Li et al., 2021
- Enabling Dataflow Optimization for Quantum Programs - David Ittah et al., 2021
- A Meet-in-the-Middle Algorithm for Fast Synthesis of Depth-Optimal Quantum Circuits - Matthew Amy et al., 2021
- Automated optimization of large quantum circuits with continuous parameters - Yunseong Nam et al., 2017 - GitHub
- A software methodology for compiling quantum programs - Thomas Häner et al., 2016
- Exact synthesis of single-qubit unitaries over Clifford-cyclotomic gate sets - Simon Forest et al., 2015
- Polynomial-Time T-Depth Optimization of Clifford+T Circuits Via Matroid Partitioning - Matthew Amy et al., 2013
- Assertion-Based Optimization of Quantum Programs - Häner, Hoefler, Troyer, OOPSLA 2013
- Repeat-until-Success: Non-Deterministic Decomposition of Single-Qubit Unitaries - Adam Paetznick, Krysta Svore, 2013 - GitHub (sample)
- Circuit for Shor’s Algorithm Using 2n+3 Qubits - Stephane Beauregard, 2002
Circuit Transformation
- Hybrid discrete-continuous compilation of trapped-ion quantum circuits with deep reinforcement learning - Francesco Preti,. Quantum, 2024
- Geyser: a compilation framework for quantum computing with neutral atoms - T. Patel et al., ISCA, 2022
- Backend compiler phases for trapped-ion quantum computers - T. Schmale et al., 2022
- Quantum Circuit Compiler for a Shuttling-Based Trapped Ion Quantum Computer - Fabian Kreppel et al., 2022
Circuit Optimisation
- A Resource-Allocating Compiler for Lattice Surgery - Alan Robertson, Haowen Gao, Yuval R. Sanders, 2025. - GitHub
- Quantum circuit optimization with AlphaTensor - Francisco J. R. Ruiz, Nature Machine Intelligence, 2025. - GitHub
- Q-Pilot: Field Programmable Qubit Array Compilation with Flying Ancillas - Hanrui Wang., DAC, 2024.
- Automated Generation of Shuttling Sequences for a Linear Segmented Ion Trap Quantum Computer - Jonathan Durandau, Quantum, 2023. - GitHub oai_citation:2‡GitHub
- Quantum optimization of maximum independent set using Rydberg atom arrays - S. Ebadi et al., Science, 2022. - GitHub
- Full-stack quantum computing systems in the NISQ era: algorithm-driven and hardware-aware compilation techniques - Mendina Bandic, DATE, 2022.
- Software-hardware co-optimization for computational chemistry on superconducting quantum processors - Gushu Li et al., ISCA, 2021.
- Quarl: A Learning-Based Quantum Circuit Optimizer - Zikun Li et al., OOPSLA, 2024. - GitHub
- Machine Learning Optimization of Quantum Circuit Layouts - Alexandru Pale et al., ACM TQC, 2023. - GitHub
- Synthesizing Quantum-Circuit Optimizers - Amanda Xu et al., PLDI, 2023. - GitHub
- Monte Carlo Graph Search for Quantum Circuit Optimization - Bodo Rosenhahn, Tobias J. Osborne, 2023
- Short Two-Qubit Pulse Sequences for Exchange-Only Spin Qubits in 2D Layouts - Jason D. Chadwick et al., 2025
- CCMap: Hardware-Aware Compilation for Chip-to-Chip Coupler-Connected QPUs - Zefan Du et al., 2025
- Virtual-Z Gates and Symmetric Gate Compilation - Arian Vezvaee et al., 2025
- Selective Excitation of Superconducting Qubits with a Shared Control Line through Pulse Shaping - Ryo Matsuda et al., 2025
- Short Two-Qubit Pulse Sequences for Exchange-Only Spin Qubits - Jason D. Chadwick et al., 2025
- CCMap: Hardware-Aware Compilation for Chip-to-Chip Coupler-Connected QPUs - Zefan Du et al., 2025
- Qibosoq: RFSoC Control Software for Self-Hosted Quantum Hardware via QICK - Andrea Pasquale et al., 2025 - GitHub
- QUAlibrate: Open-Source Framework that Cuts Calibration from Hours to Minutes - Quantum Machines Team, 2025 - GitHub
- Qibolab: An Open-Source Hybrid Quantum Operating System - Stavros Efthymiou et al., 2024 - GitHub
- Sensitivity-Adapted Closed-Loop Optimization for High-Fidelity CZ Gates - Niklas J. Glaser et al., 2024
- Pulse Family Optimization for Parametrized Quantum Gates Using Spectral Clustering - Robert de Keijzer et al., 2024
- Graph-Based Pulse Representation for Diverse Quantum Control Hardware - Aniket S. Dalvi et al., 2024
- Pulse-Based Variational Quantum Optimization and Metalearning in Superconducting Circuits - Yapeng Wang et al., 2024
- Implementing Fast and High-Fidelity Quantum Operations Using Open-Loop Optimal Control - LBNL Collaboration, 2024
- Direct Pulse-Level Compilation of Arbitrary Quantum Logic Gates on Superconducting Qutrits - Yujin Cho et al., 2024
- Qibocal: An Open-Source Framework for Calibration of Self-Hosted Quantum Devices - Andrea Pasquale et al., 2024 - GitHub
- A Time-Optimisation Framework Enabling Fast and Robust Gates in One Circuit - Eduardo W. Lussi et al., 2024
- A Time Optimization Framework for Robust and Low-Latency Quantum Circuits - Eduardo W. Lussi et al., 2024
- Qibolab: Pulse-Oriented Drivers for Custom Hardware - Stavros Efthymiou et al., 2024 - GitHub
- Pulse-Family Optimisation via Spectral Clustering - Robert de Keijzer et al., 2024
Circuit Scheduling
- Quantum circuit scheduler for QPUs usage optimization - Javier Romero-Alvarez et al., 2024. - GitHub
- Scheduling of Operations in Quantum Compiler - Toshinari Itoko, Takashi Imamichi, QCE, 2020
- Two-step approach to scheduling quantum circuits - Gian Giacomo Guerreschi, Jongsoo Park, Quantum Sci, 2017
Qubit Mapping & Routing
- S-SYNC: Shuttle & SWAP Co-Optimisation in QCCD - Chenghong Zhu, Xian Wu, Jingbo Wang, Xin Wang, ISCA 2025
- Compiling quantum circuits for dynamically field-programmable neutral atoms array processors - D. B. Tan et al., 2024
- Qubit mapping for reconfigurable atom arrays - B. Tan et al, ICCAD, 2022
- Qubit Mapping Toward Quantum Advantage - Chin-Yi Cheng et al., 2022
- Qubit Mapping and Routing via MaxSAT - Abtin Molavi, Amanda Xu, Martin Diges, Lauren Pick, Swamit Tannu, Aws Albarghouthi, MICRO, 2022
- QuCloud: A New Qubit Mapping Mechanism for Multi-programming Quantum Computing in Cloud Environment - Lei Liu, Xinglei Dou, HPCA, 2021
- Optimal mapping for near-term quantum architectures based on Rydberg atoms - S.Brandhofer et al., ICCAD, 2021
- Time-optimal Qubit mapping - Chi Zhang et al., ASPLOS, 2021
- Not All Qubits Are Created Equal: A Case for Variability-Aware Policies for NISQ-Era Quantum Computers - Swamit S. Tannu, Moinuddin K. Qureshi, ASPLOS, 2019
- Paulihedral: a generalized block-wise compiler optimization framework for Quantum simulation kernels - Prakash Murali, Jonathan M. Baker, Ali Javadi Abhari, Frederic T. Chong, Margaret Martonosi, ASPLOS, 19
- Noise-adaptive compiler mappings for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. - Prakash Murali, Jonathan M. Baker, Ali Javadi Abhari, Frederic T. Chong, Margaret Martonosi, ASPLOS, 2019
Instruction-Level Scheduling
- SCIM MILQ: An HPC Quantum Scheduler - Philipp Seitz et al., Quantum Week, 2024. - GitHub
- DISQ: Dynamic Iteration Skipping for Variational Quantum Algorithms - Junyao Zhang et al., QCE, 2023
- Let Each Quantum Bit Choose Its Basis Gates - Sophia Fuhui Lin et al., MICRO, 2022
- Software-hardware co-optimization for computational chemistry on superconducting quantum processors - Gushu Li et al., ISCA 2021
- Error Mitigation in Quantum Computers through Instruction Scheduling - Kaitlin N. Smith et al., 2021.
- EQC: ensembled quantum computing for variational quantum algorithms - Samuel Stein et al., ISCA, 2022. - GitHub
- Software mitigation of crosstalk on noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers - Prakash Murali et al., ASPLOS, 2020.
- TILT: Achieving Higher Fidelity on a Trapped-Ion Linear-Tape Quantum Computing Architecture - Xin-Chuan Wu et al., HPCA, 2020
- Extending the OmpSs-2 Programming Model for Hybrid Quantum-Classical Programming - Philip Döbler et al., 2025 - GitHub
- Qibosoq: RFSoC Control Software for Self-Hosted Quantum Hardware via QICK - Andrea Pasquale et al., 2025 - GitHub
- Building a Software Stack for Quantum-HPC Integration - Amir Shehata et al., 2025
- SLURM Heterogeneous Jobs for Hybrid Classical-Quantum Workflows - Aniello Esposito & Utz-Uwe Haus, 2025
- phase2: Full-State Vector Simulation of Quantum Time Evolution at Scale - Marek Miller et al., 2025 - GitHub
- Realization of Constant-Depth Fan-Out with Real-Time Feed-forward on a Superconducting Processor - Yongxin Song et al., 2024
- Demonstrating Real-Time & Low-Latency Quantum Error Correction - Laura Caune et al., 2024
- SCIM MILQ: An HPC Quantum Scheduler - Philipp Seitz et al., 2024 - GitHub
- Qibolab: An Open-Source Hybrid Quantum Operating System - Stavros Efthymiou et al., 2024 - GitHub
- Multi-GPU-Enabled Hybrid Quantum-Classical Workflow in Quantum-HPC Middleware - Kuan-Cheng Chen et al., 2024 - GitHub
- Combining Quantum Processors with Real-Time Classical Communication - Almudena Carrera Vazquez et al., Nature, 2024. - GitHub
- Pilot-Quantum: A Middleware for Quantum-HPC Resource & Task Management - Pradeep Mantha et al., 2024 - GitHub
- A Pragma-Based C++ Framework for Hybrid Quantum / Classical Computation - Agnieszka Gazda et al., 2024
- Scaling Quantum Computing with Dynamic Circuits - Almudena Carrera Vazquez et al., 2024
- Energy Efficiency of Quantum State-Vector Simulation at Scale - Jakub Adamski et al., 2023 - GitHub
- AutoQ 2.0: From Verification of Quantum Circuits to Verification of Quantum Programs - Yu-Fang Chen, Kai-Min Chung, Min-Hsiu Hsieh, Wei-Jia Huang, Ondřej Lengál, Jyun-Ao Lin, Wei-Lun Tsai, TACAS, 2025.
- Verification of Quantum Circuits through Barrier Certificates using a Scenario Approach - Siwei Hu, Victor Lopata, Sadegh Soudjani, Paolo Zuliani, QSW, 2025.
- MQT-QCEC v3.0
- Benchmarking the performance of quantum computing software for quantum circuit creation, manipulation and compilation - Paul D. Nation, Abdullah Ash Saki, Sebastian Brandhofer, Luciano Bello, Shelly Garion, Matthew Treinish & Ali Javadi-Abhari, Nature, 2025.
- QASMBench 1.4 - TQC-2024.
- Azure QDK VS-Code Debugger - 2024.
- Cirq v1.4 simulators
- Qiskit SDK 0.50 primitives
- Bloq - Noah H. Oldfield, Christoph Laaber, Shaukat Ali, 2025.
- MQT-Debugger framework - Damian Rovara, Lukas Burgholzer, Robert Wille, 2024.
- EPiQC Expedition - Research expedition on algorithm–hardware co-design and compiler stacks.
- SIGPLAN Blog – “Verifying a Quantum Compiler” - Deep dives into VOQC verified optimizations & proof techniques. compiler/)
- Quantum Frontiers – Caltech IQIM - Essays on circuit depth, mapping, and quantum complexity.
- QIR Alliance - LLVM-based quantum IR spec & collaborative compiler tooling.
- Azure Quantum QIR Docs - Official semantic reference for QIR and related LLVM passes.
- QIR Alliance GitHub - Open-source optimizers (QAT) and code-gen for QIR workflows.
- OpenQASM 3 MLIR Compiler – qe-compiler - MLIR dialect pipeline targeting OpenQASM 3 and NISQ devices.
- Pandora – Aalto University - Million-gate optimization & equivalence-checking toolkit.
- Giallar Verification Toolkit - Push-button semantic-preservation proofs for Qiskit passes.
- Composable Quantum Compiler – POPL’21 Paper - Coq-based SQIR/VOQC compositional compiler design.
- TKET Developer Blog (Quantinuum) - Updates on optimizer passes, SWAP-routing & new ISA back-ends.
- Classiq Insights - Posts on high-level synthesis and automatic circuit generation.
- AWS Quantum Technologies Blog - Notes on parametric compilation & hybrid-runtime transpilation.
- Q-CTRL Blog - Pulse-level scheduling, error-robust instruction sets & control-compiler tricks.
- Rigetti Tech Blog - Quil-C compiler upgrades and hybrid workflow engineering.
- IBM Quantum Blog - Transpiler roadmaps, dynamic circuits & Qiskit optimization updates.
- Microsoft Blog – Introducing QIR - Design rationale & evolution of the QIR stack.
- Zapata Orquestra Feature - Workflow compiler orchestrating hybrid quantum–classical pipelines.
- PsiQuantum Newsroom - Photonic-specific compilation & mapping announcements (Omega chipset).
- Quantum Circuits × NVIDIA Partnership - CUDA-Q compiler integration for error-aware superconducting qubits.
- Quantum Computer Systems: Research for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers – NISQ-era architecture/compiler co-design guide.
- Quantum Computing for Computer Architects, 2e – ISA design, cost models and hardware-aware optimisation.
- Programming Quantum Computers – Hands-on circuit building, transpilation & benchmarking across Qiskit, Q# and PyQuil.
- Quantum Computing: An Applied Approach, 2e – Tutorials on mapping, error mitigation and full-stack workflows.
- Quantum Software Engineering – Methods, metrics and tooling for the quantum-software life-cycle.
- Quantum Software: Aspects of Theory and System Design – Hardware-agnostic survey of optimisation and deployment patterns.
- Building Quantum Software with Python – Developer-centric guide to writing and transpiling circuits in Python.
- Software Engineering for Quantum Computing – Design patterns, CI/CD and project workflows for NISQ projects.
- HPCA – IEEE Int’l Symp. on High-Performance Computer Architecture – Architecture-level optimisations, including quantum/classical co-design.
- ASPLOS – Architectural Support for Programming Languages & Operating Systems – Cross-layer hardware/software studies.
- ISCA – Int’l Symp. on Computer Architecture – Next-gen processor and compiler interactions.
- MICRO – IEEE/ACM Int’l Symp. on Microarchitecture – Micro-architectural support for quantum accelerators.
- ICCAD – IEEE/ACM Int’l Conf. on CAD – EDA techniques and synthesis for quantum circuits.
- DAC – Design Automation Conference – Tool flows, verification and design-automation research.
- CC – Int’l Conf. on Compiler Construction – Classic compiler theory now extending to quantum IRs.
- PLDI – Programming Language Design & Implementation – Language semantics and optimisation passes.
- QCE – IEEE Quantum Week – End-to-end quantum-computing stack with dedicated compiler tracks.
- CF – ACM Computing Frontiers – Emerging architectures, including quantum hardware/software.
- IEEE QSW – Int’l Conf. on Quantum Software – Quantum-software engineering, verification and toolchains.
- IQSOFT – Int’l Conf. on Quantum Software – Six-track event focused on optimisation, runtime and testing.
- QIP – Quantum Information Processing – Theory sessions on depth/T-count lower bounds and circuit optimisation.
- TQC – Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication & Cryptography – Foundational results feeding compiler theory.
- QPL – Quantum Physics & Logic – Type systems, categorical semantics and verifiable quantum languages.
- Nature – Occasional landmark papers on scalable compilation and error correction.
- Nature Physics – Hardware/software co-design breakthroughs.
- Nature Communications – Open-access venue for interdisciplinary quantum-compiler work.
- IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering – Hardware-aware compilation and systems papers.
- Quantum Information & Computation – Algorithms, complexity and optimisation studies.
- Quantum Science and Technology – Experimental and theoretical advances, incl. compiler tooling.
- Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages / PACMPL – PLDI & OOPSLA issues often feature quantum-language work.
- Journal of Mathematical Physics – Formal techniques underlying verification and synthesis.
- IEEE Transactions on CAD of Integrated Circuits & Systems – Placement, routing and design-automation for quantum chips.
- ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing – Dedicated venue for compiler, runtime and architecture papers.
- Computing Research Repository (CoRR) – Pre-prints; quickest way to track new transpilation work.
- npj Quantum Information – Nature-branded, high-impact quantum-software and algorithms.
- PRX Quantum – APS open-access journal for architecture and optimisation breakthroughs.
- Quantum – Overlay journal; steady flow of compiler and language articles.
- Quantum Engineering – Engineering-oriented studies of full-stack toolchains.
- Quantum Machine Intelligence – ML-driven layout, scheduling and heuristic optimisation.
- Advanced Quantum Technologies – Experimental control-level compilation and pulse studies.
- OOPSLA – Proc. of the ACM on Programming Languages, OOPSLA issue – Object-oriented languages & optimisation; now features quantum PL papers.